Short circuit as a cause of flashing

Hello! The following happened. In the evening, a light began to flash across the apartment a couple of times. But then everything recovered. The next night the situation repeated itself. A couple of times the light blinked very often. At this time, only the stove worked. When the kettle was turned on, the light went out completely. We went into the corridor, clicked the toggle switches, the light appeared. But it was already impossible to turn on the equipment, immediately the light went out again. The arrived electrician replaced the wire in our apartment and in the next. He said that everything was already living with us, while the neighbors were still in the process. This electrician also said that there was a flashing of the wiring due to a short circuit. And this is our fault, because turned on a lot of electrical appliances.

But I feel that something is wrong here. Firstly, the light blinked only when the stove was on. Secondly, fuses or something similar should be triggered during a short circuit. Overvoltage in homes occurs frequently. And if every time everything in the switchboard sparkled, skipped (and we had it when the lights were turned off), then the firefighters would not have had enough water. Therefore, the question is, how often does the wiring melt for several days due to a short circuit? What other reasons could cause its melting?